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Protein kinase C also known as PKC (EC 2.7.11.13) is a family of protein kinase enzymes that are involved in controlling the function of other proteins through the phosphorylation of hydroxyl groups of serine and threonine amino acid residues on these proteins. PKC enzymes in turn are activated by signals such as increases in the concentration of diacylglycerol (DAG) or calcium ions (Ca2+).〔Wilson, C.H., Ali, E.S., Scrimgeour, N., Martin, A.M., Hua, J., Tallis, G.A., Rychkov, G.Y., and Barritt, G.J. (2015). Steatosis inhibits liver cell store-operated Ca(2)(+) entry and reduces ER Ca(2)(+) through a protein kinase C-dependent mechanism. Biochem J 466, 379-390. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/?term=Eunus+S+Ali〕 Hence PKC enzymes play important roles in several signal transduction cascades. The PKC family consists of fifteen isozymes in humans. They are divided into three subfamilies, based on their second messenger requirements: conventional (or classical), novel, and atypical. Conventional (c)PKCs contain the isoforms α, βI, βII, and γ. These require Ca2+, DAG, and a phospholipid such as phosphatidylserine for activation. Novel (n)PKCs include the δ, ε, η, and θ isoforms, and require DAG, but do not require Ca2+ for activation. Thus, conventional and novel PKCs are activated through the same signal transduction pathway as phospholipase C. On the other hand, atypical (a)PKCs (including protein kinase Mζ and ι / λ isoforms) require neither Ca2+ nor diacylglycerol for activation. The term "protein kinase C" usually refers to the entire family of isoforms. ==Isozymes== *conventional - require DAG, Ca2+, and phospholipid for activation * * PKC-α () * * PKC-β1 () * * PKC-β2 () * * PKC-γ () * novel - require DAG but not Ca2+ for activation * * PKC-δ () * * PKC-δ1 () * * PKC-δ2 () * * PKC-δ3 () * * PKC-ε () * * PKC-η () * * PKC-θ () * atypical - require neither Ca2+ nor DAG for activation (require phosphatidyl serine) * * PKC-ι () * * PKC-ζ () * * PK-N1 () * * PK-N2 () * * PK-N3 () 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「protein kinase c」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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